Published references
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These publications have a reference to ProboStat™ or other NORECS products
All 1-25 26-50 51-75 76-100 101-125 126-150 151-175 176-200 201-225 226-250 251-275 276-300 301-325 326-350 351-375 376-400 401-425 426-450 451-475 476-500 501-525 526-550 551-575 576-600 601-625 626-650 651-675 676-Amorphous-cathode-route towards low temperature SOFC
ID=462| Authors |
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| Source |
Volume: 2,
Pages: 862-875 Time of Publication: 2018 |
| Abstract | Lowering the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) devices is one of the major challenges limiting the industrial breakthrough of this technology. In this study we explore a novel approach to electrode preparation employing amorphous cathode materials. La0.8Sr0.2CoO3−δ dense films have been deposited at different temperatures using pulsed laser deposition on silicon substrates. Depending on the deposition temperature, textured polycrystalline or amorphous films have been obtained. Isotope exchange depth profiling experiments reveal that the oxygen diffusion coefficient of the amorphous film increased more than four times with respect to the crystalline materials and was accompanied by an increase of the surface exchange coefficient. No differences in the surface chemical composition between amorphous and crystalline samples were observed. Remarkably, even if the electronic conductivities measured by the Van Der Pauw method indicate that the conductivity of the amorphous material was reduced, the overall catalytic properties of the cathode itself were not affected. This finding suggests that the rate limiting step is the oxygen mobility and that the local electronic conductivity in the amorphous cathode surface is enough to preserve its catalytic properties. Different cathode materials have also been tested to prove the more general applicability of the amorphous-cathode route. |
| Remark |
DOI: 10.1039/C7SE00606C Link |
Stability of the superprotonic conduction of (1-x)CsH2PO4/xSiO2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) composites under dry and humid environments
ID=461| Authors |
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| Source |
Materials Today Communications
Volume: 15,
Pages: 11-17 Time of Publication: 2018 |
| Abstract | We have used temperature- and time-resolved electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis methods to investigate the effect of mixing CsH2PO4 with nano-silica on the superprotonic conduction of this solid acid. We collected data on (1-x)CsH2PO4/xSiO2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) composites in dry (air) and humid (PH2O ∼ 0.38 atm) environments at temperatures below and above the superprotonic transition of CsH2PO4 (TSP ∼ 234 °C). We first observed that a three-order-of-magnitude proton conductivity jump occurred in the unmixed sample (x = 0) at TSP, even under dry conditions and despite chemical changes (dehydration). We also found that the proton conductivity of the x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 composites measured at T = 260 °C in air is nearly one order of magnitude greater than that of the unmixed phosphate (x = 0). Even more significantly, we found that humid sample environments have no effect on the stability of the proton conductivity of the x = 0.2 composite measured over a 10 h timespan at temperatures above TSP. This is contrary to the behavior of the x = 0 sample, which is known [31] to be stable under humid conditions, but undergoes a three-order-of-magnitude proton conductivity drop in air. |
| Keywords | Superprotonic phase, Composite materials, X-ray diffraction, Impedance spectroscopy |
| Remark |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.02.021 Link |
Co-deficient PrBaCo2−xO6−δ perovskites as cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells: Enhanced electrochemical performance and oxygen reduction kinetics
ID=460| Authors |
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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Volume: 43,
Issue: 7,
Pages: 3761-3775 Time of Publication: 2018 |
| Abstract | Co-deficient PrBaCo2−xO6−δ perovskites (x = 0, 0.02, 0.06 and 0.1) are synthesized by a solid-state reaction, and the effects of Co-deficiency on the crystal structure, oxygen nonstoichiometry and electrochemical properties are investigated. The PrBaCo2−xO6−δ samples have an orthorhombic layered perovskite structure with double c axis. The degree of oxygen nonstoichiometry increases with decreasing Co content (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.06) and then slightly decreases at x = 0.1. All the samples exhibit the electrical conductivity values of >300 S cm−1 in the temperature range of 100–800 °C in air, which match well the requirement of cathode. With significantly enhanced electrochemical performance and good chemical compatibility between PrBaCo2−xO6−δ and CGO, this system of Co-deficient perovskite is promising cathode material for IT-SOFCs. Among all these components, PrBaCo1.94O6−δ gives lowest polarization resistance of 0.059 Ω cm2 at 700 °C in air. When tested as cathode in fuel cell, the anode-supported Ni-YSZ|YSZ|CGO|PrBaCo1.94O6−δ cell delivers a maximum peak power density of 889 mW cm−2 at 650 °C, which is higher than that of PrBaCoO6−δ cathode-based cell (764 mW cm−2). The oxygen reduction kinetics at the PrBaCo1.94O6−δ cathode interface is also explored, and the rate-limiting steps for oxygen reduction reaction are determined. |
| Keywords | Intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells, Cathode material, Layered perovskite, Electrochemical performance, Oxygen reduction kinetics |
| Remark |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.018 Link |
Deposition of nickel oxide-yttria stabilized zirconia thin films by reactive magnetron sputtering
ID=459| Authors |
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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Time of Publication: 2018
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| Abstract | Nickel oxide-yttria stabilized zirconia (NiO-YSZ) thin films were reactively sputter-deposited by pulsed direct current magnetron sputtering from the Ni and Zr-Y targets onto heated commercial NiO-YSZ substrates. The microstructure and composition of the deposited films were investigated with regard to application as thin anode functional layers (AFLs) for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The porosity and microstructure of both as-deposited and annealed at 1200 °C for 2 h AFLs were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry and controlled by changing the deposition process parameters. The results show that annealing in air at 1200 °C is required to improve film crystallinity and structural homogeneity. NiO-YSZ films have pores and grains of several hundred nanometers in size after reduction in hydrogen. Adhesion of deposited films was evaluated by scratch test. Anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells with the magnetron sputtered anode functional layer, YSZ electrolyte and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3/Ce0.9Gd0.1O2 (LSCF/CGO) cathode were fabricated and tested. Influence of thin anode functional layer on performance of anode-supported SOFCs was studied. It was shown that electrochemical properties of the single fuel cells depend on the NiO volume content in the NiO-YSZ anode functional layer. Microstructural changes of NiO-YSZ layers after nickel reduction-oxidation (redox) cycling were studied. After nine redox cycles at 750 °C in partial oxidation conditions, the cell with the anode NiO-YSZ layer showed stable open circuit voltage values with the power density decrease by 11% only. |
| Keywords | Solid oxide fuel cells, Magnetron sputtering, Thin-film anode, Microstructure, Redox cycling |
| Remark |
Available online 7 February 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.076 Link |
Solid oxide fuel cells with apatite-type lanthanum silicate-based electrolyte films deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering
ID=458| Authors |
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| Source |
Journal of Power Sources
Volume: 381,
Pages: 101-106 Time of Publication: 2018 |
| Abstract | In this study, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) containing high-quality apatite-type magnesium doped lanthanum silicate-based electrolyte films (LSMO) deposited by RF magnetron sputtering are successfully fabricated. The LSMO film deposited at an Ar:O2 ratio of 6:4 on an anode supported NiO/Sm0.2Ce0·8O2-δ (SDC) substrate followed by post-annealing at 1000 °C reveals a uniform and dense c-axis oriented polycrystalline structure, which is well adhered to the anode substrate. A composite SDC/La0·6Sr0·4Co0·2Fe0·8O3-δ cathode layer is subsequently screen-printed on the LSMO deposited anode substrate and fired. The SOFC fabricated with the LSMO film exhibits good mechanical integrity. The single cell with the LSMO layer of ≈2.8 μm thickness reports a total cell resistance of 1.156 and 0.163 Ωcm2, open circuit voltage of 1.051 and 0.982 V, and maximum power densities of 0.212 and 1.490 Wcm−2 at measurement temperatures of 700 and 850 °C, respectively, which are comparable or superior to those of previously reported SOFCs with yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte films. The results of the present study demonstrate the feasibility of deposition of high-quality LSMO films by RF magnetron sputtering on NiO-SDC anode substrates for the fabrication of SOFCs with good cell performance. |
| Keywords | Solid oxide fuel cell, Sputtering, Electrolyte Doped lanthanum silicate |
| Remark |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.02.007 Link |
Electrical conductivity of NiMo–based double perovskites under SOFC anodic conditions
ID=457| Authors |
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| Source |
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Volume: 43,
Issue: 9,
Pages: 4528-4533 Time of Publication: 2018 |
| Abstract | Three different materials are prepared by chemical reaction route, Sr2NiMoO6 (SNM00), Sr1.96La004NiMoO6 (SLNM04) and Sr1.99Ce0.01NiMoO6 (SCNM01) and conductivity is measured under reducing atmosphere, in order to study their suitability as anode materials in SOFC application. Selected materials correspond to compositions reported with highest conductivity in air at operative temperatures of a SOFC among the systems SLNM (Sr2−xLaxNiMoO6, 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) and SCNM (Sr2−xCexNiMoO6, 0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.05). The end member Sr2NiMoO6 (SNM) is also considered as reference. Their conductivities considerably increase in wet hydrogen and follow Arrhenius behavior with lower activation energy. Effects of reduction on microstructure and phase stability are also studied by scanning electron microscopy and X–ray diffraction. The enhancement in conductivity is discussed in terms of defects chemistry. Amongst all measured samples, SLNM04 shows the highest conductivity in reducing atmosphere without phase degradation, which makes it a promising anode material for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC). |
| Keywords | Double perovskite Reduction Electrical conductivity Anodic materials SOFC |
| Remark |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.066 Link |
Effect of sintering temperature on the performance of composite La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–Ce0.9Gd0.1O2 cathode for solid oxide fuel cells
ID=456| Authors |
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| Source |
Journal of Electroceramics
Time of Publication: 2018
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| Abstract | Studied here are the effects of sintering temperature of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-Ce0.9Gd0.1O2 (LSCF–CGO) cathodes on their microstructure and performance of intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC). Phase composition, microstructure and electrochemical properties were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and current-voltage characteristics measurement, respectively. The electrochemical performances of Ni–YSZ anode-supported SOFC having YSZ electrolyte (4 μm) with CGO interlayer (2 μm) are studied with LSCF–CGO (50:50 wt%) cathodes in the temperature range 600–800 °C using H2 as fuel and air as oxidant. The cathode microstructure was found to be less dense and to contain smaller grains as the sintering temperature was decreased in the range 1250–1150 °C. Results reveal that sintering temperature and electrode morphology have strong influence on electrochemical performances of the IT-SOFC. Highest maximum power density of ∼1.26 W/cm2 is achieved during cell testing at 800 °C with a cathode sintered at 1200 °C. However, cells with in-situ sintered LSCF–CGO cathode showed highest power density at 600 °C (0.48 W/cm2) because there is no particle coarsening at low sintering temperatures. |
| Keywords | LSCF–CGO, Composite cathode, Microstructure,, Performanc, Intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells |
| Remark |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-018-0114-5, First Online: 29 January 2018 Link |
Proton and oxygen ion conductivity in the pyrochlore/fluorite family of Ln2−xCaxScMO7−δ (Ln = La, Sm, Ho, Yb; M = Nb, Ta; x = 0, 0.05, 0.1) niobates and tantalates
ID=455| Authors |
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Dalton Transaction
Volume: 47,
Pages: 2376-2392 Time of Publication: 2018 |
| Abstract | The tolerance factor is a good criterion to understand the structural transitions in Ln2−xCaxScMO7−δ (Ln = La, Sm, Ho, Yb; M = Nb, Ta; x = 0, 0.05, 0.1). Decreasing the Ln ionic radius in Ln2ScNb(Ta)O7 leads to a morphotropic transition from a pyrochlore to a fluorite-like structure. Ca2+-doping leads to a pyrochlore-to-fluorite transition in Ln2−xCaxScMO7−δ (Ln = La, Sm) and a fluorite-to-pyrochlore transition in Ho2−xCaxScNbO7−δ. Proton contribution to the total conductivity was observed for Ln2−xCaxScNb(Ta)O7−δ (Ln = La, Sm; x = 0, 0.05, 0.1) 3+/5+ pyrochlores and the maximum proton contribution was shown by Sm1.9Ca0.1ScMO6.95 (M = Nb, Ta), which are located at the boundary between pyrochlores and fluorites (comparative study of electrical conduction and oxygen diffusion). Proton conduction of Sm1.9Ca0.1ScNbO6.95 and Sm1.9Ca0.1ScTaO6.95 pyrochlores persists up to 800 and 850 °C, respectively. The conductivity of fluorite-like Ho2−xCaxScNbO7−δ (x = 0, 0.05) and Yb2ScNbO7 is dominated by the oxygen ion transport, in accordance with their energy activation values 1.09–1.19 eV. The dielectric permittivity and TG studies were used for the investigation of oxygen vacancy dynamics and water incorporation into the Ln2−xCaxScNb(Ta)O7−δ (Ln = La, Sm, Ho, Yb; x = 0, 0.05, 0.1) lattice. It is shown that oxygen vacancy-related dielectric relaxation in the range of 550–650 °C (ambient air), typical of pyrochlores and fluorites with pure oxygen ion conductivity, decreases and disappears for proton-conducting oxides. |
| Keywords | Proton and oxygen ion conductivity, Pyrochlore/fluorite family |
| Remark |
DOI: 10.1039/C7DT03912C Link |
Iono-molecular Separation with Composite Membranes
ID=454| Authors |
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REV.CHIM.
Volume: 9
Time of Publication: 2016
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| Abstract |
The fast development of these methods in the recent years has been possible due to new materials developing, the boom of nanomaterials in the development of composite and hybrid materials and also due to developing of new techniques and technologies. This paper presents the composite membranes based on polysulfone and performance nanomaterials: polyaniline and magnetic nanoparticles synthesis and characterization. Composite membranes (PSf-PANI and PSf-magnetite) have been produced by phase inversion by immersion - precipitation from a polysulfone in N-methyl pyrrolidone dispersion solution in which were dispersed polyaniline or magnetic nanoparticles. The prepared composite membranes were morphologically and structurally characterized using techniques and specific measurments: FT-IR, SEM, AFM, UV VIS, DSC, dielectric spectroscopy, solvents permeation and bovine serum albumin retention.Membranes pore size indicate their use in micro and ultrafiltration (12% in the case of PSF membrane and 12% for PSf - PANI) or in the field of microfiltration and membrane sensor, 12% for magnetite - PSF membrane. The results show that water flows at 3-4 bar pressure, are increasing in the order: PSf membrane < PSf –magnetite membrane |
| Remark | Link |
Structural and electrochemical characterization of BaCe0.7Zr0.2Y0.05Zn0.05O3 as an electrolyte for SOFC-H
ID=453| Authors |
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IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering
Volume: 121
Time of Publication: 2016
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| Abstract | As a potential electrolyte for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC-Hs)and to get better protonic conductivity and stability, zinc doped BCZY material has been found to be promising. In this study, we report a new composition of proton conductors BaCe0.7Zr0.2Y0.05Zn0.05O3 (BCZYZn5) which was investigated using XRD, SEM and conductivity measurements. Rietveld refinement of the XRD data revel a cubic perovskite structure with Pm-3m space group. BaCe0.7Zr0.2Y0.05Zn0.05O3 shows cell parameter a = 4.3452(9) Å. Scanning electron microscopy images shows that the grain sizes are large and compact which gives the sample high density and good protonic conductivity. The total conductivity in wet atmosphere is significantly higher than that of dry condition and the conductivity was found to be 0.276 x 10-3 Scm-1 and 0.204 x 10-3 Scm-1 at 600°C in wet and dry Ar, respectively. This study indicated that perovskite electrolyte BCZYZn5 is a promising material for the next generation intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). |
| Remark | Link |
Enhanced O2 Flux of CaTi0.85Fe0.15O3−δ Based Membranes by Mn Doping
ID=452| Authors |
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Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Volume: 99,
Issue: 3,
Pages: 1071–1078 Time of Publication: 2016 |
| Abstract | Dense symmetric membranes of CaTi0.85−xFe0.15MnxO3−δ (x = 0.1, 0.15, 0.25, 0.4) are investigated in order to determine the optimal Mn dopant content with respect to highest O2 flux. O2 permeation measurements are performed as function of temperature between 700°C–1000°C and as function of the feed side math formula ranging between 0.01 and 1 bar. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is utilized to elucidate the charge state of Mn, and synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction (SR-XPD) is employed to investigate the structure symmetry and cell volume of the perovskite phase at temperatures up to 800°C. The highest O2 permeability is found for x = 0.25 over the whole temperature and math formula ranges, followed by x = 0.4 above 850°C. The O2 permeability for x = 0.25 reaches 0.01 mL(STP) min−1 cm−1 at 925°C with 0.21 bar feed side math formula and Ar sweep gas. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the charge state of Mn changes from approx. +3 to +4 when x > 0.1, which implies that Mn mainly improves electronic conductivity for x > 0.1. The cell volume is found to decrease linearly with Mn content, which coincides with an increase in the activation energy of O2 permeability. These results are consistent with the interpretation of the temperature and math formula dependency of O2 permeation. The sintering behavior and thermal expansion properties are investigated by dilatometry, which show improved sinterability with increasing Mn content and that the thermal expansion coefficient decreases from 12.4 to 11.9 × 10−6 K−1 for x = 0 and x = 0.25, respectively. |
Fabrication and characterization of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF)-Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (GDC) composite thick film for anode supported solid oxide fuel cells
ID=451| Authors |
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| Source |
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
Volume: 27,
Issue: 1,
Pages: 795–799 Time of Publication: 2016 |
| Abstract | Nowadays, the commercialization of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is impeded by the chemical compatibility and polarization losses in association with electrode/electrolyte interface. Thus, to minimize these difficulties, the thick film of LSCF-GDC (50:50 wt%) composite was deposited onto GDC electrolyte to form perfect LSCF-GDC/GDC structure. The chemically compatibility of LSCF-GDC upon sintering of 1000 °C was confirmed from the X-ray diffraction studies. Typically, the film with 15 μm thickness possesses the porous structure, availing the free path for oxygen diffusion. The electrochemical impedance analysis of symmetric cell with LSCF-GDC as an electrode implies the relaxation of charge transfer and electrochemical reduction reaction with temperature. The NiO-GDC (30:70 wt%) supported SOFC with GDC and LSCF-GDC as an electrolyte and cathode, respectively was tested for their performance. The cell generates the maximum powder density of 315 μWcm−2 at 500 °C. |
| Remark | Link |
Materials development: general discussion
ID=450| Authors |
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Faraday Discussions
Volume: 182,
Pages: 307 Time of Publication: 2015 |
| Remark | Link |
The Band Gap of BaPrO3 Studied by Optical and Electrical Methods
ID=449| Authors |
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Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Volume: 99,
Issue: 2,
Pages: 492–498 Time of Publication: 2016 |
| Abstract | We report on measurements of the electrical and optical properties of BaPrO3. The temperature dependences of the electrical conductivity σ and the Seebeck coefficient α of polycrystalline samples were studied over a wide temperature range (300°C–1050°C). At lower temperatures, the observed charge transport can be described as thermally activated hopping of electron-based small polarons with an activation energy of 0.37 eV. An observed change in temperature dependence of both σ and α around 700°C was observed and interpreted as a transition from extrinsic to intrinsic carrier transport. The intrinsic conduction can be modeled with an apparent electrical band gap of ~2 eV. Optical absorption and emission spectroscopy in the UV–VIS–NIR range revealed a series of characteristic absorption thresholds and the type of optical transitions was identified by combining transmittance and diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy methods. An absorption edge of indirect type with onset at 0.6 eV is attributed to small polaron effects. The higher lying absorption thresholds of direct origin positioned at around 1.8 and 3.8 eV are correlated with thermal activation parameters from electrical measurements and discussed in terms of the band gap of BaPrO3. |
| Remark |
DOI: 10.1111/jace.13961 Link |
Copper Iron Conversion Coating for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnects
ID=448| Authors |
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Journal of Power Sources
Volume: 297,
Pages: 534-539 Time of Publication: 2015 |
| Abstract | A conversion coating of iron and copper was investigated with the purpose of increasing the performance of Sanergy HT as a potential SOFC interconnect material. Samples were exposed to a simulated cathode atmosphere (air, 3 % H2O) for durations of up to 1000 h at 850 °C. Their performance in terms of corrosion, chromium evaporation and electrical resistance (ASR) was monitored and compared to uncoated and cobalt-coated Sanergy HT samples. The copper iron coating had no negative effects on corrosion protection and decreased chromium evaporation by about 80%. An Area Specific Resistance (ASR) of 10 mΩcm2 was reached after 1000 h of exposure. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed well adherent oxide layers comprised of an inner chromia layer and an outer spinel oxide layer. |
| Remark |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.06.139 Link |
New alluaudite-related triple molybdates Na25Cs8R5(MoO4)24 (R = Sc, In): synthesis, crystal structures and properties
ID=447| Authors |
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| Source |
New Journal of Chemistry
Volume: 41,
Pages: 5450 Time of Publication: 2017 |
| Abstract | New triple molybdates Na25Cs8R5(MoO4)24 (R = Sc, In) were prepared as powders and ceramics by solid state reactions, and their single crystals were also obtained from melts by spontaneous сrystallization. The structures were determined by single crystal XRD analysis. The electrical conductivity of ceramics was measured by impedance spectroscopy. The crystal structures were determined in monoclinic sp. gr. P21/c, a = 14.0069(3) Å,b = 12.6498(3) Å, c = 28.6491(6) Å, b = 90.007(1)1 (Sc) and a = 14.0062(2) Å, b = 12.6032(2) Å, c = 28.7138(4) Å,b = 90.001(1)1 (In). Together with triclinic Na25Cs8Fe5(MoO4)24, the titled compounds form a distinctive family of pseudo-orthorhombic alluaudite-related structures with the parent sp. gr. Pbca. Its structural features are alluaudite-like polyhedral layers composed of pairs of edge-shared (R, Na)O6 and NaO6 octahedra connected by bridging MoO4 tetrahedra. The layers are joined together by means of interlayer MoO4 tetrahedra, thus forming open 3D frameworks with cavities filled with Cs+ and Na+ ions. The manner of stacking layers is somewhat different from the alluaudite type. The compounds undergo phase transitions at 668 (Sc) and 725 (In) K accompanied by an abrupt increase of electrical conductivity presumably Na+-ionic in nature. Above these transitions, the conductivity is as high as 10(3) Scm(-1), which makes Na25Cs8R5(MoO4)24 (R = Sc, In) promising solid state electrolytes. |
| Remark |
DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00202e Link |
Enhanced Flexible Thermoelectric Generators Based on Oxide–Metal Composite Materials
ID=446| Authors |
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| Source |
Journal of Electronic Materials
Volume: 46,
Issue: 4,
Pages: 2356–2365 Time of Publication: 2017 |
| Abstract | The thermoelectric performance of flexible thermoelectric generator stripes was investigated in terms of different material combinations. The thermoelectric generators were constructed using Cu-Ni-Mn alloy as n-type legs while varying the p-type leg material by including a metallic silver phase and an oxidic copper phase. For the synthesis of Ca3Co4O9/CuO/Ag ceramic-based composite materials, silver and the copper were added to the sol–gel batches in the form of nitrates. For both additional elements, the isothermal specific electronic conductivity increases with increasing amounts of Ag and CuO in the samples. The amounts for Ag and Cu were 0 mol.%, 2 mol.%, 5 mol.%, 10 mol.%, and 20 mol.%. The phases were confirmed by x-ray diffraction. Furthermore, secondary electron microscopy including energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy were processed in the scanning electron microscope and the transmission electron microscope. For each p-type material, the data for the thermoelectric parameters, isothermal specific electronic conductivity σ and the Seebeck coefficient α, were determined. The p-type material with a content of 5 mol.% Ag and Cu exhibited a local maximum of the power factor and led to the generator with the highest electric power output Pel. |
| Remark | Link |
Protonic Conduction in TiP2O7
ID=445| Authors |
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Solid State Ionics: Advanced Materials for Emerging Technologies
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| Remark | Link |
Crystal structure and proton conductivity of BaSn 0.6 Sc 0.4 O 3 d : insights from neutron powder di ff raction and solid-state NMR spectroscopy
ID=444| Authors |
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| Source |
J.Mater.Chem.A
Volume: 4,
Issue: 14,
Pages: 5088-5101 Time of Publication: 2016 |
| Abstract | The solid-state synthesis and structural characterisation of perovskite BaSn1−xScxO3−δ (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) and its corresponding hydrated ceramics are reported. Powder and neutron X-ray diffractions reveal the presence of cubic perovskites (space group Pm[3 with combining macron]m) with an increasing cell parameter as a function of scandium concentration along with some indication of phase segregation. 119Sn and 45Sc solid-state NMR spectroscopy data highlight the existence of oxygen vacancies in the dry materials, and their filling upon hydrothermal treatment with D2O. It also indicates that the Sn4+ and Sc3+ local distribution at the B-site of the perovskite is inhomogeneous and suggests that the oxygen vacancies are located in the scandium dopant coordination shell at low concentrations (x ≤ 0.2) and in the tin coordination shell at high concentrations (x ≥ 0.3). 17O NMR spectra on 17O enriched BaSn1−xScxO3−δ materials show the existence of Sn–O–Sn, Sn–O–Sc and Sc–O–Sc bridging oxygen environments. A further room temperature neutron powder diffraction study on deuterated BaSn0.6Sc0.4O3−δ refines the deuteron position at the 24k crystallographic site (x, y, 0) with x = 0.579(3) and y = 0.217(3) which leads to an O–D bond distance of 0.96(1) Å and suggests tilting of the proton towards the next nearest oxygen. Proton conduction was found to dominate in wet argon below 700 °C with total conductivity values in the range 1.8 × 10−4 to 1.1 × 10−3 S cm−1 between 300 and 600 °C. Electron holes govern the conduction process in dry oxidizing conditions, whilst in wet oxygen they compete with protonic defects leading to a wide mixed conduction region in the 200 to 600 °C temperature region, and a suppression of the conductivity at higher temperature. |
| Remark |
DOI: 10.1039/c5ta09744d Link |
Microstructural design of CaMnO3 and its thermoelectric proprieties.
ID=443| Author |
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dissertation
Time of Publication: 2015
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| Remark |
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Link |
Effect of Firing Temperature on the Kinetics of Oxygen Reduction in La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
ID=442| Author |
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| Source |
dissertation
Time of Publication: 2015
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| Remark |
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Link |
DC-bias dependent impedance spectroscopy of BaTiO3–Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3 ceramics
ID=441| Authors |
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| Source |
J. Mater. Chem. C
Volume: 4,
Pages: 1782-1786 Time of Publication: 2016 |
| Remark |
DOI: 10.1039/C5TC04247J Link |
Surface Protonics Promotes Catalysis
ID=440| Authors |
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| Source |
Nature Scientific Reports 6
Time of Publication: 2016
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| Abstract | Catalytic steam reforming of methane for hydrogen production proceeds even at 473 K over 1 wt% Pd/CeO2 catalyst in an electric field, thanks to the surface protonics. Kinetic analyses demonstrated the synergetic effect between catalytic reaction and electric field, revealing strengthened water pressure dependence of the reaction rate when applying an electric field, with one-third the apparent activation energy at the lower reaction temperature range. Operando–IR measurements revealed that proton conduction via adsorbed water on the catalyst surface occurred during electric field application. Methane was activated by proton collision at the Pd–CeO2 interface, based on the inverse kinetic isotope effect. Proton conduction on the catalyst surface plays an important role in methane activation at low temperature. This report is the first describing promotion of the catalytic reaction by surface protonics. |
| Remark |
doi:10.1038/srep38007 Link |
Structural- and Compositional Investigations of Grain Boundaries in Y-Doped BaZrO3 A proton-conducting electrolyte for electrochemical applications
ID=439| Author |
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| Source |
Master’s Thesis
Time of Publication: 2016
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| Remark |
University of Oslo Link |
Comparative study of the electrochemical promotion of CO2 hydrogenation on Ru using Na+, K+, H+ and O2 − conducting solid electrolytes
ID=438| Authors |
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| Source |
Surface Science
Volume: 646,
Pages: 194-203 Time of Publication: 2016 |
| Abstract | The kinetics and the electrochemical promotion of the hydrogenation of CO2 to CH4 and CO are compared for Ru porous catalyst films deposited on Na+, K+, H+ and O2 − conducting solid electrolyte supports. It is found that in all four cases increasing catalyst potential and work function enhances the methanation rate and selectivity. Also in all four cases the rate is positive order in H2 and exhibits a maximum with respect to CO2. At the same time the reverse water gas shift reaction (RWGS) which occurs in parallel exhibits a maximum with increasing and is positive order in CO2. Also in all cases the selectivity to CH4 increases with increasing and decreases with increasing . These results provide a lucid demonstration of the rules of chemical and electrochemical promotion which imply that (∂r/∂Φ)(∂r/∂pD) > 0 and (∂r/∂Φ)(∂r/∂pA) < 0, where r denotes a catalytic rate, Φ is the catalyst work function and pD and pA denote the electron donor and electron acceptor reactant partial pressures respectively. |
| Keywords | Electrochemical promotion of catalysis, Ion conducting support, Hydrogenation of CO2, Ruthenium catalyst, Rules of promotion, Metal–support interactions |
| Remark |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2015.09.011 Link |
