Atmosphere Control

Atmosphere Control Equipment

Our expertise include atmosphere control in research and amongst our products are custom built gas mixers and calculation software sold worldwide.

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These articles refer to ProboStat or other NORECS products, filtered with keywords: 'FCMix, ProGasMix'

ID=381

Authors	M. Guin, S. Indris, M. Kaus, H. Ehrenberg, F. Tietz, O. Guillon
Source	Solid State Ionics Time of Publication: 2016
Abstract	The stability in ambient conditions of a scandium-based NASICON material, Na3.4Sc2Si0.4P2.6O12, was investigated using impedance spectroscopy, thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC) and multinuclear magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MAS NMR). The presence of H2O and CO2 in samples stored in ambient air could be evidenced as well as its impact on the ionic conductivity of the samples. The detected amounts of water and CO2 in the samples had no influence on the measured conductivities at room temperature, which confirmed the absence of protonic conduction in hydrated samples. A loss of conductivity during heating of hydrated samples was due to a loss of contact between the ceramic and the electrode used for the conductivity measurement. The recommendation for handling of NASICON-type materials is therefore: samples require storage in an Ar-filled glove box or in a dry environment to avoid artefacts during high temperature measurements. Nevertheless, the stability of the NASICON-type materials is confirmed since their conductivity is not affected by the moisture.
Keywords	Ionic conductivity; NASICON; Sodium; Scandium; ProGasMix
Remark	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2016.11.006 Link

Authors
Source	Journal of the European Ceramic Society Time of Publication: 2014-12
Abstract	Lanthanum niobates with general formulas of La0.99X0.01Nb0.99Al0.01O4−δ and La0.99X0.01Nb0.99Ti0.01O4−δ (X = Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba) were synthesized via the conventional solid state reaction. Specimens with relative density above 96% were produced after sintering. Structural and phase composition studies revealed predominant monoclinic Fergusonite structure for the majority of samples. SEM and TEM studies elucidated the effect of the used dopant combinations on grain growth, micro-crack formation and secondary phase formation. Results from microstructural study were correlated to the grain interior and grain boundary conductivities for selected samples (La0.99Sr0.01Nb0.99Al0.01O4−δ and La0.99Sr0.01Nb0.99Ti0.01O4−δ). The majority of co-doped niobates exhibited appreciable protonic conductivity under humid atmospheres at intermediate temperatures. Sr- or Ca-doped compounds displayed the highest total conductivities with values for LSNA equal to 6 × 10−4 S/cm and 3 × 10−4 S/cm in wet air and in wet 4% H2–Ar (900 °C), respectively. Additionally, thermal expansion was studied to complete functional characterization of co-doped LaNbO4.
Keywords	Proton-conducting ceramic materials, Hydrogen transport ceramic membranes, Rare earth ortho-niobates, Acceptor-doped lanthanum niobates, ProGasMix
Remark	Link

Authors
Source	Inorganic Chemistry Publisher: ACS Publications, Time of Publication: 2013
Abstract	Mixed proton–electron conductors (MPEC) can be used as gas separation membranes to extract hydrogen from a gas stream, for example, in a power plant. From the different MPEC, the ceramic material lanthanum tungstate presents an important mixed protonic–electronic conductivity. Lanthanum tungstate La6–xWO12–y (with y = 1.5x + δ and x = 0.5–0.8) compounds were prepared with La/W ratios between 4.8 and 6.0 and sintered at temperatures between 1300 and 1500 °C in order to study the dependence of the single-phase formation region on the La/W ratio and temperature. Furthermore, compounds substituted in the La or W position were prepared. Ce, Nd, Tb, and Y were used for partial substitution at the La site, while Ir, Re, and Mo were applied for W substitution. All substituents were applied in different concentrations. The electrical conductivity of nonsubstituted La6–xWO12–y and for all substituted La6–xWO12–y compounds was measured in the temperature range of 400–900 °C in wet (2.5% H2O) and dry mixtures of 4% H2 in Ar. The greatest improvement in the electrical characteristics was found in the case of 20 mol % substitution with both Re and Mo. After treatment in 100% H2 at 800 °C, the compounds remained unchanged as confirmed with XRD, Raman, and SEM.
Keywords	ProGasMix
Remark	lanthanum tungstate La6–xWO12–y Link