Published references
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These publications have a reference to ProboStat™ or other NORECS products
All 1-25 26-50 51-75 76-100 101-125 126-150 151-175 176-200 201-225 226-250 251-275 276-300 301-325 326-350 351-375 376-400 401-425 426-450 451-475 476-500 501-525 526-550 551-575 576-600 601-625 626-650 651-675 676-Defect mechanisms in BaTiO3-BiMO3 ceramics
ID=437| Authors |
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Journal of the American Ceramic Society Time of Publication: 2018 |
| Abstract | Often, addition of BiMO3 to BaTiO3 (BT) leads to improvement in resistivity with a simultaneous shift to n-type conduction from p-type for BT. In considering one specific BiMO3 composition, that is, Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3 (BZT), several prospective candidates for the origin of this n-type behavior in BT-BZT were studied—loss of volatile cations, oxygen vacancies, bismuth present in multiple valence states and precipitation of secondary phases. Combined x-ray and neutron diffraction, prompt gamma neutron activation analysis and electron energy loss spectroscopy suggested much higher oxygen vacancy concentration in BT-BZT ceramics (>4%) as compared to BT alone. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy did not suggest the presence of bismuth in multiple valence states. At the same time, using transmission electron microscopy, some minor secondary phases were observed, whose compositions were such that they could result in effective donor doping in BT-BZT ceramics. Using experimentally determined thermodynamic parameters for BT and slopes of Kröger-Vink plots, it has been suggested that an ionic compensation mechanism is prevalent in these ceramics instead of electronic compensation. These ionic defects have an effect of shifting the conductivity minimum in the Kröger-Vink plots to higher oxygen partial pressure values in BT-BZT ceramics as compared to BT, resulting in a significantly higher resistivity values in air atmosphere and n-type behavior. This provides an important tool to tailor transport properties and defects in BT-BiMO3 ceramics, to make them better suited for dielectric or other applications. |
| Remark |
DOI: 10.1111/jace.15403, Version of Record online: 8 JAN 2018 Link |
The Effect of Ni Doping on the Performance and Electronic Structure of LSCF Cathodes Used for IT-SOFCs
ID=436| Authors |
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J. Phys. Chem.: C
Time of Publication: 2017
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| Abstract | We investigated the effect of nickel doping on the electronic structure and performance of nanostructured La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8–0.03Ni0.03O3−δ prepared by the one-pot sol–gel method. The commercial undoped La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF0.8) was used as reference. Moreover, for comparison, Ni (3 mol %) was deposited by wetness impregnation over the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ. We show by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy at 900 °C under air flow that nickel enters the B perovskite site of the material and favors the stabilization of the cobalt oxidation state, as evidenced by the delay in the decrease of the average Co valence with respect to undoped samples. Our results are further supported by in situ X-ray Raman spectroscopy (XRS) that allowed us to monitor the temperature evolution of the O K-edge. XRS evidences that nickel-doped LSCF shows unmodified O2p-TM3d density of states, which proves that the Co oxidation state is preserved. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were carried out over half-cell systems consisting of LSCF-based materials deposited onto a Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ electrolyte. The improvement of the electrochemical performances of the Ni-doped La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8–0.03Ni0.03O3−δ sample with respect to a reference Ni-impregnated LSCF is attributed to the stabilization of the TM-O6 structural units, which were recently proposed as the functional units for oxygen reduction. |
| Remark |
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b07626 Link |
Protonic Conductors for Intermediate Temperature Fuel Cell Electrolytes: Superprotonic CsH2PO4 Stabilization and in-Doped SnP2O7 Structure Study
ID=435| Author |
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Dissertation
Time of Publication: 2017
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| Remark |
The University of Texas at El Paso Link |
Optimisation of growth parameters to obtain epitaxial Y-doped BaZrO3 proton conducting thin films
ID=434| Authors |
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Volume: 314,
Pages: 9–16 Time of Publication: 2018 |
| Abstract | We hereby report developments on the fabrication and characterization of epitaxial thin films of proton conducting Y-doped BaZrO3 (BZY) by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on different single crystal substrates (MgO, GdScO3, SrTiO3, NdGaO3, LaAlO3 and sapphire) using Ni-free and 1% Ni-containing targets. Pure, high crystal quality epitaxial films of BZY are obtained on MgO and on perovskite-type substrates, despite the large lattice mismatch. The deposition conditions influence the morphology, cell parameters and chemical composition of the film, the oxygen partial pressure during film growth being the most determining. Film characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron and atomic force microscopies, wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. All films show a slight tetragonal distortion that is not directly related to the substrate-induced strain. The proton conductivity of the films depends on deposition conditions and film thickness, and for the optimised conditions its total conductivity is slightly higher than the bulk conductivity of the target material (3 mS/cm at 600 °C, in wet 5% H2/Ar). The conductivities are, however, more than one order of magnitude lower than the highest reported in literature and possible reasoning is elucidated in terms of local and extended defects in the films. |
| Keywords | BaZrO3; Thin film; Electrolyte; Proton conductivity; SOFC; PC-SOFC |
| Remark |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2017.11.002 Link |
Improvement of thermoelectric properties of lanthanum cobaltate by Sr and Mn co-substitution
ID=433| Authors |
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Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Volume: 735,
Pages: 1787–1791 Time of Publication: 2018 |
| Abstract | We report thermoelectric (TE) properties of Sr and Mn co-substituted LaCoO3 system from room temperature to 700 K. Sr-substitutions at La and Mn at Co site in LaCoO3 improves the electrical conductivity (σ). Thermal conductivity (κ) of all the samples increases with the increase in temperature but decreases with the substitution in LaCoO3. An estimation of the electronic thermal conductivity (κe) suggests a dominant phonon contribution to thermal conductivity in this system. A maximum value of the figure of merit is 0.14 at 480 K for La0.95Sr0.05Co0.95Mn0.05O3. |
| Keywords | Powders: solid-state reaction; Thermal conductivity; Electrical conductivity; Perovskites |
| Remark |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.11.334 Link |
Microstructural engineering and use of efficient poison resistant Au-doped Ni-GDC ultrathin anodes in methane-fed solid oxide fuel cells
ID=432| Authors |
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| Source |
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Volume: 43,
Issue: 2,
Pages: 885–893 Time of Publication: 2018 |
| Abstract | Ultrathin porous solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes consisting of nickel-gadolinia-doped-ceria (Ni-GDC) cermets with a unique porous micro-columnar architecture with intimate contact between the GDC and the Ni phases were made by magnetron sputtering at an oblique deposition angle and characterised in detail by a variety of methods prior to use in hydrogen or methane-fuelled SOFCs. These Ni-GDC anodes exhibited excellent transport properties, were robust under thermal cycling and resistant to delamination from the underlying yttria-stabilised zirconia electrolyte. Similarly prepared Au-doped Ni-GDC anodes exhibited the same morphology, porosity and durability. The gold associated exclusively with the Ni component in which it was present as a surface alloy. Strikingly, whatever their treatment, a substantial amount of Ce3+ persisted in the anodes, even after operation at 800 °C under fuel cell conditions. With hydrogen as fuel, the un-doped and Au-doped Ni-GDC anodes exhibited identical electrochemical performances, comparable to that of much thicker commercial state-of-the-art Ni-GDC anodes. However, under steam reforming conditions with CH4/H2O mixtures the behaviour of the Au-doped Ni-GDC anodes were far superior, exhibiting retention of good power density and dramatically improved resistance to deactivation by carbon deposition. Thus two distinct beneficial effects contributed to overall performance: persistence of Ce3+ in the working anodes could induce a strong metal-support interaction with Ni that enhanced the catalytic oxidation of methane, while formation of a Nisingle bondAu surface alloy that inhibited carbonisation and poisoning of the active nickel surface. |
| Keywords | SOFC; Ultrathin film anodes; Magnetron sputtering; Gadolinia doped ceria; Carbon-tolerant; Gold doping |
| Remark |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.11.020 Link |
Electrical properties of polycrystalline materials from the system Cu-As-Ge-Se under high pressure condition
ID=431| Authors |
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Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Volume: 917
Time of Publication: 2017
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| Abstract | The paper deals with electrical properties of polycrystalline materials (GeSe)x(CuAsSe2)1-x(x= 0.5 and 0.7) under high pressure (up to 45 GPa) conditions. The phenomenon of negative magnetoresistance was observed for studied materials. |
| Remark |
doi :10.1088/1742-6596/917/8/082009 Link |
Asymmetric tubular CaTi0.6Fe0.15Mn0.25O3-δ membranes: Membrane architecture and long-term stability
ID=430| Authors |
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Journal of Membrane Science
Volume: 548,
Pages: 372-379 Time of Publication: 2018 |
| Abstract | Three architectures of asymmetric tubular oxygen transport membranes (OTM) based on CaTi0.6Fe0.15Mn0.25O3-δ were fabricated with various thicknesses of the tubular porous supports and the dense membrane layers. This was achieved by a two-step firing method combining water based extrusion and dip-coating. The oxygen flux of the tubular membranes was characterized as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure on both feed and sweep sides for the different architectures. The flux exhibits different functional dependencies with respect to the oxygen partial pressure gradient and the membrane architecture. Numerical simulations using a Dusty-gas model were conducted to evaluate the effect of the porous support microstructure and thickness on oxygen partial pressure gradient inside the porous media. Results from this work were used to establish dependency of the flux with respect to bulk transport properties of the material, surface kinetics and architecture of the porous support. Furthermore, long-term stability of the produced tubular asymmetric membrane operated in CO2-containing atmospheres was assessed over half a year. The membrane exhibited a stable oxygen flux without showing significant flux degradation. |
| Keywords | OTM, Asymmetric tubular membrane, Oxygen flux, CaTiO3, Long-term stability |
| Remark |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2017.11.042 Link |
Three-dimensional printed yttria-stabilized zirconia self-supported electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cell applications
ID=429| Authors |
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| Source |
Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Time of Publication: 2017
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| Abstract | Additive manufacturing represents a revolution due to its unique capabilities for freeform fabrication of near net shapes with strong reduction of waste material and capital cost. These unfair advantages are especially relevant for expensive and energy-demanding manufacturing processes of advanced ceramics such as Yttria-stabilized Zirconia, the state-of-the-art electrolyte in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell applications. In this study, self-supported electrolytes of yttria-stabilized zirconia have been printed by using a stereolithography three-dimensional printer. Printed electrolytes and complete cells fabricated with cathode and anode layers of lanthanum strontium manganite- and nickel oxide-yttria-stabilized zirconia composites, respectively, were electrochemical characterized showing full functionality. In addition, more complex configurations of the electrolyte have been printed yielding an increase of the performance entirely based on geometrical aspects. Complementary, a numerical model has been developed and validated as predictive tool for designing more advanced configurations that will enable highly performing and fully customized devices in the next future. |
| Keywords | Solid oxide fuel cell, 3D printing, Stereolithography, Yttria-stabilized zirconia, Electrolyte |
| Remark |
Available online 15 November 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.11.033 Link |
Characteristics of LaCo0.4Ni0.6-xCuxO3-δ ceramics as a cathode material for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
ID=428| Authors |
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| Source |
Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Time of Publication: 2017
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| Abstract | In this study, the effects of Cu-ion substitution on the densification, microstructure, and physical properties of LaCo0.4Ni0.6-xCuxO3-δ ceramics were investigated. The results indicate that doping with Cu ions not only enhances the densification but also promotes the grain growth of LaCo0.4Ni0.6-xCuxO3-δ ceramics. The Cu substitution at x ≤ 0.2 can suppress the formation of La4Ni3O10, while the excess Cu triggers the formation of La2CuO4.032 phase. The p-type conduction of LaCo0.4Ni0.6O3-δ ceramic was significantly raised by Cu substitution because the acceptor doping () triggered the formation of hole carriers; this effect was maximized in the case of LaCo0.4Ni0.4Cu0.2O3-δ composition (1480 S cm−1 at 500 °C). Thermogravimetric data revealed a slight weight increase of 0.29% for LaCo0.4Ni0.4Cu0.2O3-δ compact up to 871 °C; this is due to the incorporation of oxygen that creates metal vacancies and additional carriers, partially compensating the conductivity loss due to the spin-disorder scattering. As the temperature of the LaCo0.4Ni0.4Cu0.2O3-δ compacts rose above 871 °C, significant weight loss with temperature was observed because of the release of lattice oxygen to the ambient air as a result of Co (IV) thermal reduction accompanied by the formation of oxygen vacancies. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) single cell with Sm0.2Ce0.8O2-δ (electrolyte) and LaCo0.4Ni0.4Cu0.2O3-δ (cathode) was built and characterized. The Ohmic (0.256 Ω cm2) and polarization (0.434 Ω cm2) resistances of the single cell at 700 °C were determined; and the maximum power density was 0.535 W cm−2. These results show that LaCo0.4Ni0.4Cu0.2O3-δ is a very promising cathode material for SOFC applications. |
| Keywords | Solid oxide fuel cells, Cell performance, Impedance Cathode |
| Remark |
Available online 8 November 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.11.019 Link |
Influence of processing on stability, microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Ca3Co4 − xO9 + δ
ID=427| Authors |
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| Source |
Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Time of Publication: 2017
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| Abstract | Due to high figure of merit, Ca3Co4 − xO9 + δ (CCO) has potential as p-type material for high-temperature thermoelectrics. Here, the influence of processing including solid state sintering, spark plasma sintering and post-calcination on stability, microstructure and thermoelectric properties is reported. By a new post-calcination approach, single-phase materials were obtained from precursors to final dense ceramics in one step. The highest zT of 0.11 was recorded at 800 °C for CCO with 98 and 72% relative densities. In situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction in air and oxygen revealed a higher stability of CCO in oxygen (∼970 °C) than in air (∼930 °C), with formation of Ca3Co2O6 which also showed high stability in oxygen, even at 1125 °C. Since achievement of phase pure high density CCO by post-calcination method in air is challenging, the phase stability of CCO in oxygen is important for understanding and further improvement of the method. |
| Keywords | Ca3Co4 − xO9 + δ, Post calcination, Phase stability, Microstructure, Thermoelectric performance |
| Remark |
Available online 6 November 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.11.011 Link |
Analysis of potential materials for single component fuel cells
ID=426| Authors |
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FUNCTIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES PROCEEDINGS
Time of Publication: 2017
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| Abstract | The following paper summarizes the results of systematic analysis on single component fuel cell. This recent technology in the solid oxide fuel cell field consists of a unique layer in place of the conventional three-layers structure. The single layer is a mixture of ionic and semi-conductor material. Surprisingly, the expected short circuit has not shown up. On the contrary, the performance is even higher, as reported in literature [1]. This work aims to compare different combinations of materials in terms of performance. La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ(LSCF), LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCAL), La0.8Sr0.2CoO3(LSC), LiNiZn oxide (LNZ) and a new kind of material, CuFe2O4 are analysed as semi-conductor material. As ionic conductor, CeO2/Gd (GDC) is mainly tilised. Also, CeO2/Sm (SDC) and CeO2/Sm/Ca SCDC are considered too. |
| Remark | Link |
Thermoelectrochemical Heat Converter
ID=425| Source |
Time of Publication: 2017
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| Abstract | A direct thermoelectrochemical heat-to-electricity converter includes two electrochemical cells at hot and cold temperatures, each having a gas-impermeable, electron-blocking membrane capable of transporting an ion I, and a pair of electrodes on opposite sides of the membrane. Two closed-circuit chambers A and B each includes a working fluid, a pump, and a counter-flow heat exchanger. The chambers are connected to opposite sides of the electrochemical cells and carry their respective working fluids between the two cells. The working fluids are each capable of undergoing a reversible redox half-reaction of the general form R→O+I+e−, where R is a reduced form of an active species in a working fluid and O is the oxidized forms of the active species. One of the first pair of electrodes is electrically connected to one the second pair of electrodes via an electrical load to produce electricity. The device thereby operates such that the first electrochemical cell runs a forward redox reaction, gaining entropy, and the second electrochemical cell runs a reverse redox reaction, expelling entropy. |
| Remark |
United States Patent Application 20170288253 Link |
High-temperature properties of (La,Ca)(Fe,Mg,Mo)O3-δ perovskites as prospective electrode materials for symmetrical SOFC
ID=424| Authors |
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| Source |
Journal of Solid State Chemistry
Volume: 258,
Pages: 1-10 Time of Publication: 2018 |
| Abstract | La1−yCayFe0.5+x(Mg,Mo)0.5−xO3-δ oxides with the orthorhombic GdFeO3-type perovskite structure have been synthesized at 1573 K. Transmission electron microscopy study for selected samples shows the coexistence of domains of perovskite phases with ordered and disordered B-cations. Mössbauer spectroscopy studies performed at 300 K and 573 K show that while compositions with low Ca-content (La0.55Ca0.45Fe0.5Mg0.2625Mo0.2375O3-δ and La0.5Ca0.5Fe0.6Mg0.175Mo0.225O3-δ) are nearly oxygen stoichiometric, La0.2Ca0.8Fe0.5Mg0.2625Mo0.2375O3-δ is oxygen deficient with δ ≈ 0.15. Oxides are stable in reducing atmosphere (Ar/H2, 8%) at 1173 K for 12 h. No additional phases have been observed at XRPD patterns of all studied perovskites and Ce1−xGdxO2−x/2 electrolyte mixtures treated at 1173–1373K, while Fe-rich compositions (x≥0.1) react with Zr1−xYxO2−x/2 electrolyte above 1273 K. Dilatometry studies reveal that all samples show rather low thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) in air of 11.4–12.7 ppm K−1. In reducing atmosphere their TECs were found to increase up to 12.1–15.4 ppm K−1 due to chemical expansion effect. High-temperature electrical conductivity measurements in air and Ar/H2 atmosphere show that the highest conductivity is observed for Fe- and Ca-rich compositions. Moderate values of electrical conductivity and TEC together with stability towards chemical interaction with typical SOFC electrolytes make novel Fe-containing perovskites promising electrode materials for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell. |
| Keywords | Symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell, Perovskites, Crystal structure, High-temperature electrical conductivity |
| Remark |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2017.10.005 Link |
New Solid Electrolyte Na9Al(MoO4)6: Structure and Na+ Ion Conductivity
ID=423| Authors |
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| Source |
Chem. Mater.
Volume: 29,
Issue: 20,
Pages: 8901–8913 Time of Publication: 2017 |
| Abstract | Solid electrolytes are important materials with a wide range of technological applications. This work reports the crystal structure and electrical properties of a new solid electrolyte Na9Al(MoO4)6. The monoclinic Na9Al(MoO4)6 consists of isolated polyhedral [Al(MoO4)6]9– clusters composed of a central AlO6 octahedron sharing vertices with six MoO4 tetrahedra to form a three-dimensional framework. The AlO6 octahedron also shares edges with one Na1O6 octahedron and two Na2O6 octahedra. Na3–Na5 atoms are located in the framework cavities. The structure is related to that of sodium ion conductor II-Na3Fe2(AsO4)3. High-temperature conductivity measurements revealed that the conductivity (σ) of Na9Al(MoO4)6 at 803 K equals 1.63 × 10–2 S cm–1. The temperature behavior of the 23Na and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and the spin-lattice relaxation rates of the 23Na nuclei indicate the presence of fast Na+ ion diffusion in the studied compound. At T<490 K, diffusion occurs by means of Na+ ion jumps exclusively through the sublattice of Na3–Na5 positions, whereas Na1 and Na2 become involved in the diffusion processes (through chemical exchange with the Na3–Na5 sublattice) only at higher temperatures. |
| Remark |
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03989 Link |
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Oxoacid Salts; Synthesis, Hydration, Stability, and Electrical Conductivity
ID=422| Author |
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| Source |
Time of Publication: 2017
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| Abstract | Proton-conducting electrolytes are sough after for use in various applications within the field of electrochemistry. Pure and high proton conductivity has been found in many perovskite-type oxides like BaZrO3 (BZY) and BaCeO3, with BaCeO3-based materials being among the best proton-conducting oxides. In the intermediate temperature range of 400 to 800 C, BZY has been established as one of the most promising materials, exhibiting a protonic conductivity higher than 1 102 S cm1 over the whole temperature range. However, it is difficult to process, and the resulting materials are usually grainy and possess highly resistive grain-boundaries [1]. For low-temperature regions, compounds like CsHSO4 and CsH2PO4 show great potential with respect to protonic conductivity, even displaying superprotonic transitions that immensely increase their conductivity, however their stability is lacking with respect to temperature and solubility in water [2]. With this project, the aim is to broaden the horizon and investigate compounds that fall outside the common perovskite-definition. In this work, various solid acids (E.g. KBaPO4, NaCaHSiO4 and BaH2SiO4), in which the cations are alkali and alkaline earth metals and the anionic groups are separated XO4 tetrahedra, are synthesized and subsequently characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), as well as electrical characterization by Impedance Spectroscopy (IS). The work on KBaPO4 culminated in a submitted paper [3]. KBaPO4 has been proposed to transform into a great protonic conductor upon hydration at low temperatures. Effectively, hydration through steam at 80 C is said to give the compound a protonic conductivity of 1 102 S cm1 just below 100 C [4]. This is a remarkable result and, if it can be reproduced, it can become a viable rival to BZY. For this reason, KBaPO4 was chosen as a topic for this work. Here, we synthesize KBaPO4 through a high-temperature solid state reaction, and subsequently characterize the system with respect to thermal stability and its inherent electrical conductivity. Through electrical measurements, we found that the conductivity of pure KBaPO4 was very low, around 2 106 S cm1 at 600 C, with an activation energy exceeding 1 eV. The compound is indifferent to the presence of humidity, and results indicate that the charge carrier in the compound is not protonic, but rather it is theorized to be potassium ions, with potassium Frenkel defects being the predominating defect, however this has not been explicitly confirmed. All in all, we propose a defect model for KBaPO4 with Frenkel defects as the predominating defects. Through attempts at hydrating KBaPO4 in accordance to the method proposed by Goodenough, we found that it does not transform into a high-conductivity phase, but rather decomposes into potassium doped Ba3(PO4)2, and that the resulting system shows similar properties, such as thermal stability (Decomposing at 300 C) and protonic conductivity (1:6 106 S cm1 at 250 C), to the system Ba3-xKxHx(PO4)2 previously investigated by Haile et al. [5], albeit with a significantly lower potassium content than the systems they have characterized, possibly indicating that a saturation of K in Ba3(PO4)2 has been reached. By subsequently heating Ba3-xKxHx(PO4)2 to high temperatures, the system is found to expel potassium and form a two-phase system of Ba3(PO4)2 and a secondary phase of KBaPO4, showing similarities to the system Ba3(1-x)K3x(PO4)2-x previously investigated by Iwahara et al. [6]. Through impedance spectroscopy of said system, we found evidence that points toward the system being a protonic conductor, with a bulk conductivity slightly higher than 1 103 S cm1 at 600 C, and an activation energy of around 0:67 eV. This is one order of magnitude higher than the one previously reported by Iwahara et al., and only one order of magnitude lower than that of BaZrO3. Parallelly, NaCaHSiO4 and related compounds ABHXO4 (A Li, Na or K. B Ca, Sr or Ba. X Si, Ge or Sn) were synthesized hydrothermally and subsequently characterized. Electrical characterization of NaCaHSiO4 gave low conductivities, although protonic, of 1:8 108 S cm1 at 250 C, with an activation energy of 0:9 eV. Based on the results, we propose a defect model in which interstitial hydroxide ions and interstitial protons str significant defects in the compound. However, although NaCaHSiO4 could be successfully synthesized and subsequently characterized, the other syntheses did not yield the desired results. In fact, the only synthesis that yielded a pure product was that which gave Sr2SiO4, possibly providing a hydrothermal approach to synthesizing a compound previously produced by a hightemperature solid state reaction. Lastly, the compound BaH2SiO4 was synthesized, according to a hydrothermal route, and characterized with respect to thermal stability and electrical conductivity. It was found to exhibit a conductivity of 2:5 108 S cm1 at 200 C with an activation energy of 0:88 eV, comparable to that of NaCaHSiO4. Due to BaH2SiO4 showing similar response to various atmospheres as NaCaHSiO4, a defect model containing hydroxide and hydrogen interstitials is proposed for BaH2SiO4 as well. Compared to earlier reports, a discrepancy was found in that the BaH2SiO4 decomposes prior to temperature regions in which data on electrical conductivity has been previously reported. Another, separate investigation into BaH2SiO4 is therefore recommended. |
| Remark |
Thesis for the degree of ’Master of Science’, Depertment of Chemistry, University of Oslo Link |
Defect chemistry and electrical properties of BiFeO3
ID=421| Authors |
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Journal of Materials Chemistry C
Issue: 38
Time of Publication: 2017
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| Abstract | BiFeO3 attracts considerable attention for its rich functional properties, including room temperature coexistence of magnetic order and ferroelectricity and more recently, the discovery of conduction pathways along ferroelectric domain walls. Here, insights into the defect chemistry and electrical properties of BiFeO3 are obtained by in situ measurements of electrical conductivity, σ, and Seebeck coefficient, α, of undoped, cation-stoichiometric BiFeO3 and acceptor-doped Bi1−xCaxFeO3−δ ceramics as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure pO2. Bi1−xCaxFeO3−δ exhibits p-type conduction; the dependencies of σ and α on pO2 show that Ca dopants are compensated mainly by oxygen vacancies. By contrast, undoped BiFeO3 shows a simultaneous increase of σ and α with increasing pO2, indicating intrinsic behavior with electrons and holes as the main defect species in almost equal concentrations. The pO2-dependency of σ and α cannot be described by a single point defect model but instead, is quantitatively described by a combination of intrinsic and acceptor-doped characteristics attributable to parallel conduction pathways through undoped grains and defect-containing domain walls; both contribute to the total charge transport in BiFeO3. Based on this model, we discuss the charge transport mechanism and carrier mobilities of BiFeO3 and show that several previous experimental findings can readily be explained within the proposed model. |
| Remark | Link |
Performance and stability in H2S of SrFe0.75Mo0.25O3-δ as electrode in proton ceramic fuel cells
ID=420| Authors |
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| Source |
Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Volume: 38,
Issue: 1,
Pages: 163-171 Time of Publication: 2018 |
| Abstract | The H2S-tolerance of SrFe0.75Mo0.25O3-δ (SFM) electrodes has been investigated in symmetric proton ceramic fuel cells (PCFC) with BaZr0.8Ce0.1Y0.1O3-δ (BZCY81) electrolyte. The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte under wet reducing conditions was found to be insignificantly affected in the presence of up to 5000 ppm H2S. The fuel cell exhibited an OCV of about 0.9 V at 700 °C, which dropped to about 0.6 V and 0.4 V upon exposure to 500 and 5000 ppm H2S, respectively, on the fuel side. Post characterization of the fuel cell revealed significant degradation of the anode in terms of microstructure and chemical composition due to formation of sulfides such as SrS, MoS2 and Fe3S4. Nevertheless, the fuel cell was still functional due to the sufficient electronic conductivity of some of these sulfides. |
| Keywords | Proton ceramic fuel cells (PCFC), Sulfur tolerance, H2S, Strontium ferrite, Barium zirconate |
| Remark |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.08.020 Link |
Improvement of thermoelectric properties of lanthanum cobaltate by Sr and Mn co-substitution
ID=419| Authors |
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| Source |
Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Volume: 735,
Pages: 1787–1791 Time of Publication: 2017-12 |
| Abstract | We report thermoelectric (TE) properties of Sr and Mn co-substituted LaCoO3 system from room temperature to 700 K. Sr-substitutions at La and Mn at Co site in LaCoO3 improves the electrical conductivity (σ). Thermal conductivity (κ) of all the samples increases with the increase in temperature but decreases with the substitution in LaCoO3. An estimation of the electronic thermal conductivity (κe) suggests a dominant phonon contribution to thermal conductivity in this system. A maximum value of the figure of merit is 0.14 at 480 K for La0.95Sr0.05Co0.95Mn0.05O3. |
| Keywords | Seebsys, Powders: solid-state reaction, Thermal conductivity, Electrical conductivity, Perovskites |
| Remark | Link |
Fabrication and testing of unileg oxide thermoelectric device
ID=418| Authors |
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| Source |
API Conference Proceedings
Time of Publication: 2017
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| Abstract | A prototype of oxide thermoelectric unileg device was fabricated. This device was based on only n-legs made of La doped calcium manganate. The powder was synthesized, characterised and consolidated in rectangular thermoelements. A 3×3 device was fabricated by fitting 9 rectangular bars in alumina housing and connected by silver strips. The device has been tested under large temperature difference (ΔT=480°C) using an indegenous system. An open circuit voltage of 468 mV was obtained for a nine leg unileg device. The device exhibits a internal resistance of ∼1Ω. The maximum power output for this nine leg device reached upto 50 mW in these working condition |
| Keywords | Seebsys |
| Remark | Link |
On the formation of phases and their influence on the thermal stability and thermoelectric properties of nanostructured zinc antimonide
ID=417| Authors |
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| Source |
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
Volume: 50,
Issue: 1
Time of Publication: 2016-11
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| Abstract | To investigate the thermal reliability of the structure and thermoelectric properties of the zinc antimony compounds, undoped (Zn4Sb3) and doped (Zn4Sb2.95Sn0.05 and Co0.05Zn3.95Sb3) zinc antimonide samples were processed using the powder metallurgy route. It was observed that the as-prepared undoped sample contains a pure β-Zn4Sb3 phase, whereas the doped samples consist of Ω-ZnSb as the major phase and β-Zn4Sb3 as the minor phase. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirms the stability of the β-Zn4Sb3 phase up to 600 K. X-ray diffraction data of the undoped and doped samples show that the nanocrystallinity of the as-prepared samples is retained after one thermal cycle. The thermal bandgap, thermopower and thermal conductivity are not affected by the thermal cycle for the doped samples. A maximum power factor of 0.6 mW m−1 K−2 was achieved in the Sn-doped sample (Zn4Sb2.95Sn0.05). This is enhanced to 0.72 mW m−1 K−2 after one thermal cycle at 650 K under Ar atmosphere and slightly decreases after the third thermal cycle. In the case of the Co-doped sample (Co0.05Zn3.95Sb3), the power factor increases from 0.4 mW m−1 K−2 to 0.7 mW m−1 K−2 after the third thermal cycle. A figure of merit of ~0.3 is achieved at 573 K in the Zn4Sb2.95Sn0.05 sample. The results from the nanoindentation experiment show that Youngs modulus of the Sn-doped sample (Zn4Sb2.95Sn0.05) after the thermal cycle is enhanced (96 GPa) compared to the as-prepared sample (~76 GPa). These important findings on the thermal stability of the thermoelectric and mechanical properties of Sn-doped samples (Zn4Sb2.95Sn0.05) confirm that Sn-doped zinc antimonide samples can be used as efficient thermoelectric materials for device applications. |
| Keywords | Seebsys |
| Remark | Link |
The effect of Cu2O nanoparticle dispersion on the thermoelectric properties of n-type skutterudites
ID=416| Authors |
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| Source |
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
Volume: 48,
Issue: 45
Publisher: IOP Publishing Ltd,
Time of Publication: 2015-11
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| Abstract | We report the thermoelectric properties of Ba0.4Co4Sb12 and Sn0.4Ba0.4Co4Sb12 skutterudites dispersed with Cu2O nanoparticles. The samples were synthesized by ball milling and consolidated by spark plasma sintering. Dispersion of Cu2O is found to significantly influence the electrical resistivity and thermopower at high temperatures with a more pronounced effect on the electrical resistivity due to the energy filtering effect at the interface between Cu2O nanoparticles and a Ba0.4Co4Sb12 and Sn0.4Ba0.4Co4Sb12 matrix. At 573 K, the electrical resistivity of Ba0.4Co4Sb12 decreases from 5.01 × 10−5 Ohmm to 2.98 × 10−5 Ohmm upon dispersion of Cu2O. The dispersion of Cu2O reduces the thermal conductivity of the samples from 300 K and above by increasing the phonon scattering. The lowest observed thermal conductivity at 573 K is found to be 2.001 W mK−1 in Cu2O dispersed Ba0.4Co4Sb12 while it is 2.91 W mK−1 in the Ba0.4Co4Sb12 sample without Cu2O dispersion. Hence Cu2O dispersion plays a significant role in the thermoelectric properties and a maximum figure of merit (ZT ) ~ 0.92 is achieved in Cu2O dispersed Ba0.4Co4Sb12 at 573 K which is more than 200% compared to the pure Ba0.4Co4Sb12 sample. The results from nanoindentation experiments show that the Cu2O dispersed sample (Cu2O + Sn0.4Ba0.4Co4Sb11.6) has a higher reduced Youngs modulus (~139 GPa) than the pure Sn0.4Ba0.4Co4Sb11.6 sample (~128 GPa). |
| Keywords | Seebsys |
| Remark | Link |
Phase stability and thermoelectric properties of Cu10.5Zn1.5Sb4S13 tetrahedrite
ID=415| Authors |
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| Source |
Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Volume: 667,
Pages: 323-328 Time of Publication: 2016-05 |
| Abstract | Cu10.5Zn1.5Sb4S13 tetrahedrite compound was prepared by mechanical milling of Cu2S, ZnS and Sb2S3 powders and spark plasma sintered (SPS) to dense samples. The phase formation, chemical homogeneity, thermal stability of the compound and the thermoelectric properties of the sintered samples were evaluated. Single phase tetrahedrite with the crystallite size of 40 nm was obtained after 30 h of milling followed by annealing at 573 K for 6 h in an argon atmosphere. In-situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the phase is stable up to 773 K. The Seebeck coefficient of the sintered samples of density >98% shows p-type behavior with maximum thermopower of 170 μV/K at 573 K. The electrical resistivity (ρ) decreases with temperature up to 475 K and then increases. A low thermal conductivity of 0.5 W/(m⋅K), in combination with moderate power factor gave a maximum ZT of ∼0.038 at 573 K in Cu10.5Zn1.5Sb4S13 sample having a grain size of ∼200 nm. |
| Keywords | Seebsys, Thermoelectric, Tetrahedrite, Solid state reactions, Spark plasma sintering, Figure of merit |
| Remark |
Cu10.5Zn1.5Sb4S13 Link |
Study of novel proton conductors for high temperature Solid Oxide Cells
ID=414| Author |
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| Source |
Time of Publication: 2015
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| Abstract | The main objective of the present work was the systematic study of several groups of materials: Gd3-xMexGaO6-δ (Me = Ca2+, Sr2+), Ba2Y1+xNb1-xO6-δ , and BaZr0.85Y0.15O3-δ (BZY15) as proton conductors. We developed a synthesis route for each group of materials such as microwave- assisted citric acid combustion method, freezedrying synthesis and modified citrate-EDTA complexing method. Pure nanopowders and dense ceramics were obtained after these syntheses plus a classical sintering process. The structure and composition of the obtained products were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The temperature dependences of the conductivity were investigated by impedance spectroscopy as a function of pO2 and pH2O. For the family of Gd3-xMexGaO6-δ (Me = Ca2+, Sr2+), we studied the influence of dopant nature and content on the structural and electrical properties. Results indicate that the substitution possible till 10 % of doping content. According to the SEM observations, the grain size is increased with increasing dopant content. Concerning electrical properties, we found an increase of conduction with increasing dopant content. All compounds present a good stability in humid, hydrogen and CO2 containing atmosphere. In case of Ba2Y1+xNb1-xO6-δ materials, the physico-chemical properties of synthesized materials have been characterized by the XRD and SEM techniques. The average grain size increased significantly with increasing amount of Y3+. Conduction properties were slightly improved with the partial substitution of niobium by yttrium. The stability of Ba2Y1+xNb1-xO6-δ compounds was investigated under different atmospheres and conditions. The ionic conduction in this case is quite low, which has been explained by futher molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, we studied the influence of an ZnO and NiO additives on the sintering of BZY15, being these sintering aids used to lower the sintering temperature. Zinc oxide as a sintering aid lowers the sintering temperature by 300 °C and slightly increases the bulk and total conductivity of BZY15. |
| Remark |
THESE DE DOCTORAT |
Advanced low-temperature ceramic nanocomposite fuel cells using ultra high ionic conductivity electrolytes synthesized through freeze-dried method and solid-route
ID=413| Authors |
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| Source |
Materials Today Energy
Volume: 5,
Pages: 338-346 Time of Publication: 2017 |
| Abstract | Low ionic conductivity and slow reaction kinetics often limit the performance of a ceramic nanocomposite fuel cell (CNFC). Here, we report a novel synthesis method, freeze-dried method, to achieve a record high ionic conductivity for nanocomposite electrolytes (>0.5 S/cm) based on Ce0.85Sm0.15O2 (SDC) and a eutectic mixture of Na2CO3, Li2CO3, K2CO3 (NLK). The highest ionic conductivity (0.55 S/cm) was reached by increasing the carbonate content of the electrolyte to 35 wt%. For the sake of comparison, the nanocomposite electrolytes were also prepared through solid-route. Composite anodes and cathodes for complete fuels were prepared from NiO and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF), respectively using both solid-route and freeze-dried nanocomposite electrolytes. Complete fuel cells manufactured from these nanocomposite materials produced ∼1.1 W/cm2 at 550 °C. The EIS measurements revealed low ohmic losses (0.18 Ω cm2) and even lower charge transfer resistance (0.05 Ω cm2). In addition, it was found that the open-circuit-voltage (OCV) of the CNFCs improved from 1.1 V to 1.2 V when a mixture of air and CO2 was supplied as compared to the case when only air was supplied at the cathode. Finally, high temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) revealed stable structures of SDC, NiO and LSCF up to 600 °C, which shows the thermal stability of these fuel cell materials. |
| Keywords | Fuel cells, Ceramic, Nanocomposite, Carbonate, Ionic conductivity, Perovskite |
| Remark |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2017.07.017 Link |
